Hydrogen use doesn’t emit carbon but its production often does. That could soon change | Horizon: the EU Research & Innovation magazine | Vegetable Ozone Cleaner

While 2017 was a fantastic growth year for materials processing lasers, it should come as no surprise that these large gains were not sustainable. Going into 2018, laser revenue remained strong, but several negative influences predominated. First, China—the largest consumer of lasers for materials processing—continued to slow economically. Second, Europe’s economy was hit from all sides; the European Central Bank estimates that eurozone growth will slow to 2% this year from 2.5% in 2017. Europe, which had been growing more quickly than the U.S. as recently as last year, is falling behind. And then there are the trade tariffs that President Trump has been so freely enabling against China, Europe, and some other countries. In response, these countries are enacting their own tariffs against the U.S. that include lasers and other optical components. While the tariffs have caused some slowdowns in laser revenue directly, perhaps an even bigger impact is the effect they have on dampening expectations for future growth and delaying or eliminating future laser purchases and other capital expansions. Blended together, 2018 was a year of modest gains in materials processing. As for photolithography and semiconductor manufacturing, 2018 is the year that EUV lithography systems finally ship. However, EUV technical challenges remain and Intel recently announced a delay in the commercial use of EUV until 2021. As for DUV excimer lasers, 2018 was a strong year overall, and with so many EUV delays, it looks like DUV will be around for many years ahead.

Reusing plant process water without proper disinfection can, for example, result in the buildup of microbial loads, including undesirable pathogens from the crop. Plant operators should institute best industry practices to ensure that water quality is adequate for its intended use at the start, throughout and at the end of all post-harvest processes.

Besides high-volume supplier risks, an even bigger concern is tariffs. “These tariff and trade-related headwinds were the primary driver of weaker-than-expected performance for our business in China and Europe,” said IPG Photonics (Oxford, MA) CEO Valentin Gapontsev in his Q3 2018 preliminary financials,7 after reporting record Q1 and Q2 earnings of approximately $360 million and $414 million, respectively. The Q3 book-to-bill ratio was just below 1.0, with IPG reporting Q3 sales of $356 million8—down 9% from the same quarter last year. Anticipating more softening in order flow in Q4 2018, Gapontsev sees some relief in Q1 2019 on strength in consumer electronics and metal welding. “However,” he cautions, “our visibility of a trough in the current downcycle is limited by the uncertainty surrounding the global macroeconomic trade and geopolitical environments.”

“In a practical context this requires robust electromaterials – catalysts, which can accelerate two half-reactions of the water splitting process – the hydrogen evolution and the oxygen evolution reactions.

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A unique Australian-developed atmosphere management technology system is proving to be very popular throughout the horticulture sector, with substantial growth in on-farm use across many regions nationally and overseas.

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